Thursday, October 6, 2011

ISRAEL'S POSTEXILIC HISTORY: LESSON 8 NOTES, PART 1


LESSON 8: the Ark of the Covenant BROUGHT TO JERUSALEM (1 CHR. 15-16)

In spite of the reverses suffered in his previous attempt to locate the ark in the capital city, David was determined to complete this project. He fortified Jerusalem and continued to build “houses” in the city. These houses would be directly related to his government. As the king directed all of this activity Jerusalem came to be known as “the city of David,” peculiarly identified with him. As he was caught up in the business of establishing his government in Jerusalem David could [and would] not forget the ark of the covenant. A special tent was constructed in the city to serve temporarily as a shelter for the sacred vessel.[1]


The tabernacle constructed at Sinai in Moses’ day had been located at Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim for many years. It was at Shiloh that Eli and Samuel ministered in the tabernacle (1 Samuel 3:3). Later the tabernacle was moved to Nob (1 Samuel 21:6) near Jerusalem. At this place David had been provided with shewbread and Goliath’s sword as he fled Saul’s wrath. There are indications that the tabernacle was moved to Gibeon where it most likely remained until the Temple was built.[2]

The proper men (Since the Levites had been appointed by Jehovah to carry the ark, this holy vessel must be carried on their shoulders [Numbers 1:15-53])[3] were assembled for the task of moving the ark. In preparation for the job, a tent was pitched for it and the priests underwent the sanctification which was prescribed by the law. 1 Chr. 15:13 gives David's observation about the tragedy of Uzzah: "...for we sought him (God) not after due order." This statement refers to the fact that the ark was moved on a cart instead of carrying it on staves. This tragedy was not to be repeated. The Levites bore the ark according to the law (Exo. 25:14). When David saw that "God helped the Levites that bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord" (1 Chr. 15:26), abundant sacrifices were made.[4]

Zadok and Abiathar (verse 11) were the chief priests in David’s administration. Zadok (2 Samuel 8:17) and Ahimelech (1Samuel 22:20) were sons of Ahitub. Abiathar was Ahimelech’s son. Only one High Priest functioned in Israel at a given time. Zadok would have the primary responsibility in David’s day and Abiathar, his nephew, would serve as chief assistant. These two priests were called before David and he gave them special charge concerning the ark. “Sanctify yourselves” (verse 12). David had read the Law. He had concluded that because they had failed to observe this regulation concerning the priests and the ark they had incured the wrath of Jehovah. The priests were very willing to do exactly as David commanded.[5]

Sanctified themselves means they got themselves in readiness for the service by whatever might be necessary for their cleansing if they were unclean. Also the word “sanctify” means to consecrate or devote oneself. Not all men eligible for the priesthood were acting at the same time. Some of these might be engaged in other activities … David means for them to dismiss all other engagements and be ready for the special (God’s) work at hand.[6]

David made every effort to avoid any problem like that which had resulted in Uzza’s death.[7]

Verses 16-17: These instruments were not originally provided for in the law, but David was a man of God (instructed both by prophets—Nathan and Gad—and inspiration) and as his works were blessed there is the indication of approval from God. The various men were to perform their own proper items of the ceremonies. Nothing was left to chance or haphazard action. What is the example then to us for our services?[8]

To make certain that everything was properly arranged for the occasion, David gave special instruction to those who would lead in the services. Singers, those who played on musical instruments, doorkeepers for the ark were all briefed regarding their respective duties. Berechiah, Elkanah, Obed-edom, and Jehiah were appointed to serve as doorkeepers for the ark. They probably served as a special guard to avoid any possibility of anyone touching the sacred vessel.[9]

The procession into Jerusalem must have been a striking spectacle (1 Chr. 15:27-29). It would demonstrate the presence of Jehovah among the people and His blessing upon the nation. The physical actions of transporting the ark did not require any particular form of dress, but David and the others attired as described out of respect for the ark of God. While it is not strictly true that “clothes make the man,” yet there are times when one’s attitude of mind may be indicated by the attention given to outward appearances. For example, when Joseph was called to appear before the king, “he shaved and changed his raiment” (Gen. 41:14). Is not God far greater than any earthly king? It sometimes happens that professed Christians will attend the services of God with much less concern about their dress than they would if going to some social function. They justify their actions on the ground of “comfort,” as if it were more necessary to be comfortable while appearing before the Supreme Ruler than at a wedding.[10]

David was so filled with joy that he leaped and danced to the music as the great company of people moved into Jerusalem. However, all was not joyful, for Michal, David's wife (daughter of Saul) saw the gaiety and "she despised him in her heart" (1 Chr. 15:29; 2 Sam. 6:20). Her statement to him is found in 2 Sam. 6:20: "... How glorious was the king of Israel today, who uncovered himself today in the eyes of the handmaids of his servants, as one of the vain fellows shamelessly uncovereth himself!"[11]

What made her turn to despite? Some commentators speak of her becoming regal or irreligious. Some have speculated that she might have been reacting to the suffering she incurred as David took more and more wives over the years. To her critical complaint David replied that he would become "more vile" with the maid servants (2 Sam. 6:22).[12] Vile and base do not mean bad morally. Michal had accused him of abasing himself before the maidens. His meaning is: If celebrating before the Lord constituted baseness, then he would do more of it.[13]



[1] Robert E. Black. The Books of Chronicles in Bible Study Textbook Series. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1991.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Toney L. Smith. “The Early Days of David’s Reign” in Studies in 1, 2 Kings and 1, 2 Chronicles. Ed. By Dub McClish, Denton, TX: Valid Publications, Inc., 1993.
[5] Robert E. Black. The Books of Chronicles in Bible Study Textbook Series. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1991.
[6] E.M. Zerr. Bible Commentary Old Testament, Volume 1. Bowling Green, KY: Guardian of Truth Foundation, 1947.
[7] Robert E. Black. The Books of Chronicles in Bible Study Textbook Series. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1991.
[8] E.M. Zerr. Bible Commentary Old Testament, Volume 1. Bowling Green, KY: Guardian of Truth Foundation, 1947.
[9] Robert E. Black. The Books of Chronicles in Bible Study Textbook Series. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1991.
[10] E.M. Zerr. Bible Commentary Old Testament, Volume 1. Bowling Green, KY: Guardian of Truth Foundation, 1947.
[11] Toney L. Smith. “The Early Days of David’s Reign” in Studies in 1, 2 Kings and 1, 2 Chronicles. Ed. By Dub McClish, Denton, TX: Valid Publications, Inc., 1993.
[12] Ibid.
[13] E.M. Zerr. Bible Commentary Old Testament, Volume 1. Bowling Green, KY: Guardian of Truth Foundation, 1947.

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